How to Identify the Fiber Color Code?

 We have been using different types of fiber optic cable in labs and data centers for years. It is not unusual for a green hand to mix up the 50/125 and 62.5/125 multimode fibers, or the single mode fibers, not to mention the multi-fiber cables that may consist of tens and hundreds of fibers. Fortunately, there are systems made to address these issues, such as the EIA/TIA-598, which is the most recognized system worldwide. It includes fiber color code for different types and numbers of optical fiber cables. These fiber optic cable color codes help us to identify an optical fiber cable from its jacket, buffer, tube, connector, etc.

Figure 1: Colored jackets of multi-fiber cable.

Outer Jacket Color Code

Colored outer jackets or print may be used on outside plant and premises fiber cables, e.g., fiber distribution cables, fiber optic patch cords, etc. In EIA/TIA-598, the fiber color code defines the jacket color codes for different fiber types. So for optical fiber cable that contains only one type of fiber we can easily identify it by its jacket color; unless otherwise specified, the outer jacket of premises cable containing more than one fiber type shall use a printed legend to identify the quantities and types of fibers within the cable, for example "12 Fiber 8 x 50/125, 4 x 62.5/125." Here are the jacket color codes for different fiber types:

Fiber Type	Color Code
	Non-military Applications	Military Applications	Suggested Print Nomenclature
OM1 62.5/125µm Multimode	Orange	Slate	62.5/125
OM2 50/125µm Multimode	Orange	Orange	50/125
OM3 50/125 µm (850 nm Laser-Optimized) Multimode	Aqua	Undefined	850 LO 50/125
OM4 50/125µm (850 nm Laser-Optimized) Multimode	Aqua/Violet	Undefined	850 LO 50/125
100/140µm Multimode	Orange	Green	100/140
OS1/OS2 Single Mode	Yellow	Yellow	SM/NZDS, SM
Polarization Maintaining Single Mode	Blue	Undefined	Undefined

Besides the jacket colors specified in fiber color code standard, other colors may also be used if the print on the outer jacket can tell the fiber classifications. Such colors should be agreed upon between manufacturer and user.

Inner Cable Organizational Fiber Color Code

Inside a multi-fiber cable, individual fibers are compliant to fiber color code as well. They are often distinguished from one another by color-coded jackets, buffers or tubes on each fiber. According to EIA/TIA-598, inner fibers are color coded in a group of 12 fibers and they are counted in a clockwise direction.

Figure 2: Counting direction of a group of 12 fibers.

There are two situations for multi-fiber cables:

For cables that consist of multiple buffer tubes each with 12 or less strands, each tube will be numbered or colored following the same fiber color code, e.g., 1st tube is blue, 2nd is orange, etc.

For cables that consist of more than 12 strands, the fiber optic cable color code repeats itself. Each group of 12 fibers is identified with some other means. For example, 24 strand groups are with the fiber color code repeating with some variation, e.g., the 1st group of 12 strands are solid colors and the 2nd group is a solid color with a stripe or some other identifying marks.

The color sequence for inner fibers is as follows:

Fiber Position	Jacket Color	Fiber Position	Jacket Color
1	Blue	13	Blue with black tracer
2	Orange	14	Orange with balck tracer
3	Green	15	Green with black tracer
4	Brown	16	Brown with black tracer
5	Slate	17	Slate with black tracer
6	White	18	White with black tracer
7	Red	19	Red with black tracer
8	Black	20	Black with yellow tracer
9	Yellow	21	Yellow with black tracer
10	Violet	22	Violet with black tracer
11	Rose	23	Rose with black tracer
12	Aqua	24	Aqua with black tracer
Jacket color images are By User: Venge, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64098042

Connector Color Code

Connectors are also a part of the fiber color code. Since there are different polish styles of fiber end-face, the connectors of fiber jumpers and the mating adapters are color coded for identification. However, the advent of metallic connectors like the FC and ST made connector color coding difficult, so colored strain relief boots are also used. The boot color may vary among manufacturers.

Fiber Types	Polish Style	Connector Body	Strain Relief/Mating Adapter
OM1 62.5/125	UPC	Beige/Grey	Beige/Grey
OM2 50/125	UPC	Black	Black
OM3/OM4 50/125 laser optimized	UPC	Aqua	Aqua
Single Mode	UPC	Blue	Blue
Single Mode	APC	Green	Green

Conclusion

Fiber optic cable color code is a system that helps us distinguish fiber types visually from the colored fiber jacket, fiber connector, fiber boot, etc. The optical fiber color coding is also practical for fiber optic engineers during splicing, because the colorful fibers also help ensure the continuity of color codes throughout a cable run. Thus, fiber cable color coding is essential to fiber optic communications like the twisted pair color coding to copper wiring systems.